>>Japanese

Course Syllabus
Course Name Translation Grammar for Legal Documents (Course No.51028)
Category Expert Competence
Year Taken First or Second Year
Offered Major/ Type of Course Major 4 / Elective
Number of Classes 16
Number of Credits 2
Professor Kazuko Shimizu
Email address : kazuko.s@babel.edu
Course Description This course involves practice exercises that refer to examples and formulas appropriate to each unit of study. By receiving feedback for the assignments, students will acquire basic skills in legal translation allowing students to translate long complex sentences quickly, accurately, and precisely.
Course Policy

Attendance : Enter the course with password.
Netiquette : Refer to the Netiquette Policy in the Student Handbook.
Student with special needs : Refer to the Students with Disabilities and Accommodation Policy in the Student Handbook.
Academic Honesty : Refer to the Student integrity and Academic Honesty Policy in the Student Handbook.
Honor Code : Refer to the Honor Code Policy in the Student Handbook.

Course Objective (Goal) Obtain knowledge and skill in legal sentence translation grammar. The study of legal sentence grammar focuses on the different syntax and grammar between English and Japanese legal terms.
Learning Outcome  Ttranslate accurately and efficiently English legal sentences into Japanese by understanding differences of grammar and syntax between English and Japanese legal sentences and becoming familiar with converting legal sentences from English to Japanese and from Japanese to English. Translate at a speed of 250 words per hour (source language).
Course Progression 1. Listen to audio lecture while referring to the textbook
2. Translate practice questions and review using translated examples
3. Use the Q&A system for any queries
4. Submit assignment
Deliverables
(Course Text etc.)		 BABEL original course material (textbook and workbook)
• Authored originally by Professor for this course. Copyrighted by Babel University Professional School of Translation.
* Revised in November 2012
Course Outline 16 lectures and translation exercises.
1 “Understand Flow: Recognize Basic Sentence Patterns!”
Unit 1: S + V
Unit 2: S + V + O(C)
Unit 3: S + V + O + O(C)
2 “Converting Part of Speech Conforming to Meaning of Sentence (Nouns)!”
Unit 1: Looking for Semantic Subject
Unit 2: Conversion of Material Subject and Agent
Unit 3: Translating Noun as Interrogative Sentence
3 “Converting Part of Speech: Understand Noun Like Verb!”
Unit 1: Verbalizing Abstract Noun
Unit 2: Verbalizing “Preposition + Noun”
Unit 3: Verbalizing “Possessive Case + Noun”
4 “Converting Part of Speech: Be Aware of Cases Changing Adjectives to 'Predicate or Adverb' !”
Unit 1: Changing Negative Adjective “NO” to Subordinate Clause
Unit 2: Changing Negative Adjective to Predicate or Adverb
Unit 3: Changing Other Adjectives to Adverbs
5 “Translate Auxiliary Verbs Describing Obligation, Permission, Prediction, and Important Matters in Accordance to the Legal Situation in the Text!”
Unit 1: Expressing Legal Duty or Breach of Legal Duty - “shall”
Unit 2: Auxiliary Verbs Describing Permission and Authority, “may”
Unit 3: Predictive Expression, “will” and Expression of Importance, “must”
6 Translate Main Verb Expressing Rights, Competences, and Duties According to the Context!”
Unit 1: Expressing Vocabularies with Culpability
Unit 2: Expressing State of Right
Unit 3: Expressing Competence, Authority, and Privilege
7 “Pay Attention to Differences from General Usage in Verbal Expressions!”
Unit 1: Different Expressions from General Usage
Unit 2: Expression with Special Legal Meaning
Unit 3: Expression Requiring Accuracy
8 “Use the Technique, ‘Translating in Order’ for Relative Pronouns!”
Unit 1: Punctuate in Middle of Sentence and Supplement with Conjunction
Unit 2: Translate Relative Pronoun with Conditional Sentence
Unit 3: Only Use Explanatory Sentence for Translating Non-Restrictive
9 “Translate Time Expressions with Japanese Sensibility!”
Unit 1: Ignore Sequence of Tense
Unit 2: Translating Present Tense in English into Past Tense in Japanese
Unit 3: Other Expressions Considering Sequence of Tense
10 “Presumptive Usage in Legal Sentences is Conditional Clause!”
Unit 1: Conjunctions of Subjunctive Mood, “if” and “unless”
Unit 2: Double Condition, Double Condition including Equation of Time
Unit 3: “Should” and Other Conditional Clauses
11 “Master Unique Forms of Legal Sentences!”
Unit 1: Dealing with Provisos (provided that)
Unit 2: Dealing with Expressions of Contradictory Circumstances
Unit 3: Dealing with Expression Explaining Reason, Ground, and Cause
12 Translate Passive Voice into Active Voice: Use Postpositional Particles, “は(Ha)” and “が(Ga)!”
Unit 1: Use of Postpositional Particles, “は(Ha)” and “が(Ga)”
Unit 2: Changing Subject to Object and Translating into Active Voice
Unit 3: Supplementing “を(Wo)” and Translating into Active Voice
13 “Conquer Group of Words with Legal Specific Sentences by Memorizing! (Part1)”
Unit 1: Expression of Vocabularies Describing Temporal Suspension
Unit 2: Legal Meaning of “including” and “without” and its Expressions
Unit 3: Expression of Terms Indicating Solidarity and Identity of Action
14 “Conquer Group of Words with Legal Specific Sentences by Memorizing! (Part2)”
Unit 1: “respectively” and “as the case may be”
Unit 2: “said (such)” and “ the matter in question”
Unit 3: Idioms including “is” and “as”
15 “Group Convoluted Words!”
Unit 1: Expressing “Verb Connection and Noun Connection”
Unit 2: Expressing “Preposition Connection and Subordinate Conjunction Connection”
Unit 3: Expressing “Adjective Connection”
16 “Translation with Singular and Plural Form of Article or Noun Changes in Accordance with Context!”
Unit 1: Expressing Indefinite Articles
Unit 2: Expressing Definite Articles
Unit 3: Expressing Plurals
Grade Evaluation and Course Requirement 1. Assignments (All assignments must be submitted)
2. Final Exam (Minimum Course Requirement: B or above)

Grade Score
A 85 - 100
B 70 - 84
C 60 - 69
D 50 - 59
F 49 and under
Submission papers will be returned with the evaluation sheet, which states evaluation marking and comments as well as corrections with rubrics.
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Revised in July 2018